Dynamic and adaptive self-assembly systems are able to sense an external or internal (energy or matter) input and respond via chemical or physical property changes. Nanomaterials that show such transient behavior have received increasing interest in the field of nanomedicine due to improved spatiotemporal control of the nanocarrier function. In this regard, much can be learned from the field of systems chemistry and bottom-up synthetic biology, in which complex and intelligent networks of nanomaterials are designed that show transient behavior and function to advance our understanding of the complexity of living systems. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent advancements in adaptive nanomaterials used for nanomedicine and trends in transient responsive self-assembly systems to envisage how these fields can be integrated for the formation of next-generation adaptive stimuli-responsive nanocarriers in nanomedicine.