TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are capable of inhibiting the growth of bacterial strains and are responsible for causing damages to the cancer cells. Pure TiO2, Aqua Rosa-modified TiO2 and protein powder-modified TiO2 NPs are synthesized using hydrothermal method. The particle size is found to be 7.5 nm for pure, 6.5 nm for protein-modified and 5.5 nm for Aqua Rosa-modified TiO2 NPs using TEM analysis. UV spectra shows that the absorption peaks of the modified samples are blue shifted with respect to pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The surface-modified nanoparticles show maximum growth inhibition against the pathogenic organisms. The research experiments exhibited highest anti-cancer activities for the surface modified TiO2 NPs.