Cadmium telluride (CdTe)/Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin-film solar cell is a potential candidate for the production of energy through photovoltaic (PV) technology, which reduces the manufacturing cost by replacing the expensive silicon wafers. Many studies have focused on the key attributes, such as wide direct band gap and high absorption coefficient, of these semiconductors (CdTe and CdS) that are widely used for the purpose of industrial production and research developments. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review on the improvement and the performance of CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells while optimizing the various structural parameters such as front contact, the thickness of the absorbing, buffer, window layers, and back contact. Firstly, we discuss the historical background, structural developments, and the advantages of CdTe/CdS solar cells over other contemporary cells. Secondly, the effects of various structural parameters on the performance of CdTe/CdS thin-film solar cells are also included in the discussion sections. Influence of pressure, including thermal and chemical treatments, is also included for understanding the improvement in cell performance. Moreover, the impacts of all these factors on the various PV parameters (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and conversion efficiency) are discussed and analysed.