Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a promising approach for hydrogen production from lignocellulose owing to its lower cost and higher efficiency. In this study, the newly isolated theromphilic Thermoanaerobacterium sp. strain F6 exhibited the capability of direct utilization of various hemicellulosic and cellulosic materials for hydrogen production, including xylan, Avicel and filter paper etc. Especially, the maximum cumulative hydrogen production reached 370.7 mmoL/L from 60 g/L of xylan. In addition, natural lignocellulosic materials, such as corn cob and sugarcane bagasse without any hydrolytic pretreatment could also be directly utilized as the sole carbon source for hydrogen production. 1822.6 and 826.3 mL H-2/L of hydrogen were produced from corn cob and sugarcane bagasse, respectively. The high hydrogen production from cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials were both benefit from its efficient secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. Thus, Thermoanaerobacterium sp. strain F6 is a potential candidate for effective conversion of lignocellulose to hydrogen through CBP. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.