One of the ways to generate clean and non-destructive energy is to use the energy stored in the biomass resources by the microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells (SMFCs) are a special type of MFCs that use organic materials in aquifers sediment to generate electricity. In this research, the effects of an increase in the electrode surface are investigated. The results showed that the increase in cathode electrode surface had better efficiency than the multi-cathode mode (maximum power generated for a 3-cathode electrode (27 cm(3)) and 1-cathode electrode (27 cm(3)) was 526 mW/cm(2) and 800 mW/cm(2), respectively. Another parameter affecting the performance of these systems is temperature. In the next step, the power generation rate was measured in different step currents and at different sample times. In the final stage, a power management system (PMS) was designed to optimally utilize the output energy of the improved SMFC, leading to an increase in the output voltage to 3.3 V. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.