This work analyzes the utility, industry, residential-commercial, transport, and agriculture sectors in India over the period 1970-2010 by using exergy analysis. The resuts include trends of exergy consumption in various resources, exergy efficiency of conversion, and exergy losses. The goal of this analysis is to evaluate the performance of various individual sectors in India in terms of their efficiency of resource utilization. This study identifies the major inefficient sectors and subunits that have maximum improvement potential. It analyses how the change in resource flow, policy, and socio-economic changes in each sector have affected the overall scenario. By analyzing the trends, it is observed that the average exergy efficiency for electricity generation has continued to decrease with increased share of coal-fuelled thermal power generation. Out of the sectors studied, the residential sector is found to be the least exergy efficient (13%), followed by the transportation (22.5%) and utility sectors (33.5%). The overall exergy utilization efficiency of the industry sector is in the range 24% to 75%. Results show that in each of the sectors studied, high quality resources extracted from the earth are being wasted. The losses of resource conversion in these sectors can be avoided by technological improvement, appropriate policies, and education to enhance societal awareness.