Zhundong coal plays an important role in China's energy utilization. However, due to its high content of alkali metals, it produces a large amount of particulate matter during combustion. In this paper, the coal was first washed with deionized water to remove the influence of alkali-metal salts. Then, different kinds of Na salts (1% NaCl, 1% Na2SO4, and 1% NaAc) were added to the de-alkali coals. The effect of Na salts on the formation of PM10 was studied in a high-temperature drop-tube furnace at 1300 degrees C. After the addition of the Na salts, the amount of particulate matter emission was significantly increased. When 1% NaCl was added to the de-alkali coal, the amount of PM produced was 3.1 times that of the raw coal, while the amount of PM2.5 produced was 3 times that of raw coal. After adding 1% Na2SO4, the amounts of PM1 and PM2.5 produced were twice those of the raw coal. In addition, floating beads exhibit a good adsorption effect on particulate matter for the combustion of the coal with different Na salts added. The yield of ultrafine and submicrometer particles was significantly reduced when 3% floating beads were added to the de-alkali coal with Na salts added. The reductions of PM1 were 47.0% for NaCl, 51.0% for Na2SO4, and 29.4% for NaAc. Additionally, the adsorption process of floating beads on ultrafine and submicrometer particles is mainly through the reaction between alkali-metal vapors and SiO2 and Al2O3 in the sorbents.