In this paper, we review applications of dynamic optimization for design, control, and operation. This paper presents a review of approaches toward the analysis of the interaction between design and dynamic performance, focusing in particular on dynamic optimization as an overarching framework. In addition to operation around a steady-state point, we consider two additional classes of application: intentionally dynamic, and intrinsically dynamic processes. The intentionally dynamic processes exploit transition dynamics in response to variation brought about by trends of increased globalization, market volatility, and fluctuations in electricity prices. The second category, intrinsically dynamic processes, does not allow design based on steady-state mass and energy balances, but the intra-cycle and inter-cycle dynamics should be taken into account when optimizing the design, control, and operation. Our study includes a description and discussion of advances in these areas. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.