Both the chemical and turbulent agglomeration are promising pretreatment technologies for promoting the removal of fine particles. However, single chemical and turbulent agglomeration both have some shortcomings in improving the agglomeration of fine particles. Based on the combination of chemical and turbulent agglomeration, different coupling modes of chemical and turbulent agglomeration were proposed and investigated to get the most effective mode in this study. In order to compare the effect of the two coupling modes, the particle agglomeration effect and removal performance by ESP under different agglomeration conditions were studied respectively. The results showed that chemical-turbulent agglomeration had more advantages over turbulent chemical agglomeration. Furthermore, the interaction mechanism of chemical-turbulent agglomeration was explored by analyzing the motions of chemical droplets and particles in turbulent agglomerator and the promoting effect of chemical agglomeration on turbulent agglomeration. The calculation results showed that in the process of chemical-turbulent agglomeration, the turbulent agglomeration improved the effect of chemical agglomeration by affecting the motion trajectories of droplets and particles, and the chemical agglomeration improved the probability of particles collision in turbulent agglomeration by enlarging the particle size before turbulent agglomeration, which made chemical-turbulent agglomeration more effective than turbulent-chemical agglomeration. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.