Using the techniques of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-1 NMR) relaxometry and near-infrared spectroscopy, a multiextremun nature of dependencies of physicochemical properties, fractality, and quantization of changes in H-1 NMR parameters that determine phase transitions between types of petroleum disperse systems in the order: Hydrocarbons double left right arrow Crude oil double left right arrow Atmospheric residue double left right arrow Vacuum residue double left right arrow Asphalt double left right arrow Carbenes double left right arrow Coke, has been experimentally established. A model of structural-dynamic transitions, associated with a change in the intermolecular pair potential characterized by a number of minima is proposed.