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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.166, No.7, F3202-F3209, 2019
Nanofiber Fuel Cell MEAs with a PtCo/C Cathode
PtCo/C and Pt/C catalyst powders were incorporated into electrospun nanofiber and conventional sprayed cathode membrane-electrode-assemblies (MEAs) at a fixed electrode loading of 0.1 mg(Pt)/cm(2). The binder for PtCo/C nanofiber cathodes and Pt/C nanofiber anodes was a mixture of Nafion and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), whereas the sprayed electrode MEAs utilized a neat Nafion binder. The structure of electrospun fibers was analyzed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), which showed that the fibers were similar to 30% porous with a uniform distribution of catalyst and binder in the axial and radial fiber directions. The initial performance of nanofiber MEAs at 80 degrees C was 20% better than the sprayed electrode MEA (a maximum power density of 1,045 mW/cm(2) vs. 869 mW/cm2). The benefit of the nanofiber electrode morphology was most evident at end-of-test (after a metal dissolution accelerated stress test), where power densities dropped by only 8%, after 30,000 square wave voltage cycles (0.6 V to 0.95 V), as compared to a 35% drop in the maximum power for the sprayed electrode MEA. The use of a recovery protocol improved the initial performance of a nanofiber MEA by similar to 13%, to 1,070 mW/cm(2) at 0.65 V, and increased the power after a metal dissolution stress test by 5-10% (e.g. 840 mW/cm(2) at 0.65 V after 30,000 voltage cycles). At rated power, the nanofiber MEA generated more than 1,000 mW/cm(2) at 99 degrees C and a pressure of 250 kPa(abs). The high performance and durability of PtCo/C nanofiber cathode MEAs is due to the combined effects of a highly active cathode catalyst and the unique nanofiber electrode morphology, where there is a uniform distribution of catalyst and binder (no agglomeration) and short transport pathways across the submicron diameter fibers (which lowers gas transfer resistance and facilitates water removal from the cathode). (C) The Author(s) 2019. Published by ECS.