Iron oxide dry desulfurization is one method for the removal of hydrogen sulfide. This work investigates the physicochemical properties and performance of oolitic hematite upon desulfurization at high temperature. The effects of particle size, sulfidation temperature, and gas speed on the desulfurization performance were evaluated in a fixed bed reaction, and also a desulfurization regeneration cycle experiment was conducted. Characterization techniques such as X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to illustrate the desulfurization mechanism. The results showed that the particle size and sulfidation temperature significantly influenced the desulfurization performance. At a sulfidation temperature of 700 degrees C and gas speed of 2.4 cm/s, the 180-200 mesh oolitic hematite showed excellent desulfurization performance with a desulfurization capacity of 358.9 mg/g in the first reaction. Moreover, the use of a regeneration cycle slightly increased the desulfurization performance because the active components were further exposed, and the total desulfurization capacity after eight cycles can reach 2805.6 mg/g. The desulfurization products were pyrite and pyrrhotite with low crystallinity at 400-500 degrees C, and pyrrhotite is the sole product if the reaction temperature exceeds 600 degrees C. The increase in reaction temperature favored the crystallinity of pyrrhotite. The evolution process of the reaction between oolitic hematite and hydrogen sulfide was suggested as follows: hematite -> magnetite -> pyrite/pyrrhotite. The experimental results indicated that this type of oolitic hematite is a promising material for desulfurization due to its excellent performance, large reversal capacity, and low cost.