Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the most promising technologies for CO2 capture. It is of great practical significance to gain insights into the key technology of compression and purification. In this study, a 50 kg/h CO2 compression and purification test platform is constructed, which is used to develop the key technology and equipment suitable for the flue gas for CO2 compression and purification. Through this study, it is verified that this technology is feasible and high CO2 concentration is collected from flue gas. Meanwhile, the test platform can operate stably. The results indicate that the purity of liquid CO2 obtained from the purification tower is more than 99%, the optimal conditions of the operation temperature (-30 degrees C) and pressure (3.0 MPa) are used, the performance of the test platform meets the requirement of load from 75 to 110% of design parameters, and furthermore, the technology process, equipment layout, and operation parameters of the test are explored, which can provide a reference for future engineering applications.