화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Macromolecular Research, Vol.26, No.12, 1066-1073, December, 2018
DOI10.1007/s13233-018-6150-9  Export Citation
Junction Welding Techniques for Metal Nanowire Network Electrodes
Hyungseok Kang1, Gi-Ra Yi2, Young Jun Kim1, 3, †, and Jeong Ho Cho1, 2, †
  • 1SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
  • 2School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
  • 3Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Korea
E-mail:,
Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), which offer advantages of high electrical conductivity and optical transparency, are essential components of practical high-tech optoelectronics such as touch panels, e-papers, organic light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Solution-processed Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as a practical alternative TCE material suitable for industrial-scale mass production. However, the contact resistance at AgNW junctions strongly affects the total sheet resistance of AgNW electrodes. In recent years, various welding techniques for AgNW network electrodes have been developed with the aim of decreasing their sheet resistance while maintaining their optical transmittance. In this paper, we present a review of various welding methods such as thermal-mechanical welding, light welding, chemical welding, and metal-plating welding.
Keywords:transparent conductive electrode;silver nanowire;welding;sheet resistance;optical transmittance
  1. Stephenson J, Limbrick L, J. Autism Dev. Disord., 45, 3777 (2015)
  2. Jin J, Lee J, Jeong S, Yang S, Ko JH, Im HG, Baek SW, Lee JY, Bae BS, Energ. Environ. Sci., 6, 1811 (2013)
  3. Choi Y, Park WY, Kang MS, Yi GR, Lee JY, Kim YH, Cho JH, ACS Nano, 9, 4288 (2015)
  4. Lee K, Shin JW, Park JH, Lee J, Joo CW, Lee JI, Cho DH, Lim JT, Oh MC, Ju BK, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 17409 (2016)
  5. You J, Dou L, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen CC, Gao J, Li G, Nat. Commun., 4, 1446 (2013)
  6. Coutts TJ, Young DL, Li X, MRS Bull., 25, 58 (2000)
  7. Sierros KA, Morris NJ, Ramji K, Cairns DR, Thin Solid Films, 517(8), 2590 (2009)
  8. Kumar A, Zhou C, ACS Nano, 4, 11 (2010)
  9. Cairns DR, Witte RP, Sparacin DK, Sachsman SM, Paine DC, Crawford GP, Newton R, Appl. Phys. Lett., 76, 1425 (2000)
  10. Wu H, Kong DS, Ruan ZC, Hsu PC, Wang S, Yu ZF, Carney TJ, Hu LB, Fan SH, Cui Y, Nat. Nanotechnol., 8(6), 421 (2013)
  11. Sun Q, Lee SJ, Kang H, Gim Y, Park HS, Cho JH, Nanoscale, 7, 6798 (2015)
  12. Liang J, Li L, Niu X, Yu Z, Pei Q, Nat. Photonics, 7, 817 (2013)
  13. Ho DH, Sun Q, Kim SY, Han JT, Kim DH, Cho JH, Adv. Mater., 28(13), 2601 (2016)
  14. Kim BJ, Hwang E, Kang MS, Cho JH, Adv. Mater., 27(39), 5875 (2015)
  15. Sun Q, Seung W, Kim BJ, Seo S, Kim SW, Cho JH, Adv. Mater., 27(22), 3411 (2015)
  16. Wang X, Li Z, Xu W, Kulkarni SA, Batabyal SK, Zhang S, Cao A, Wong LH, Nano Energy, 11, 728 (2015)
  17. Park JH, Lee DY, Seung W, Sun Q, Kim SW, Cho JH, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119, 7802 (2015)
  18. Park JH, Lee DY, Kim YH, Kim JK, Lee JH, Park JH, Lee TW, Cho JH, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 12380 (2014)
  19. Jang J, Im HG, Jin J, Lee J, Lee JY, Bae BS, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 27035 (2016)
  20. Han B, Pei K, Huang YL, Zhang XJ, Rong QK, Lin QG, Guo YF, Sun TY, Guo CF, Carnahan D, Giersig M, Wang Y, Gao JW, Ren ZF, Kempa K, Adv. Mater., 26(6), 873 (2014)
  21. Cho CK, Hwang WJ, Eun K, Choa SH, Na SI, Kim HK, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 95(12), 3269 (2011)
  22. Shao Q, Niu Z, Hirtz M, Jiang L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Small, 10, 1466 (2014)
  23. Lee J, Lee P, Lee H, Lee D, Lee SS, Ko SH, Nanoscale, 4, 6408 (2012)
  24. Lee JH, Lee P, Lee D, Lee SS, Ko SH, Cryst. Growth Des., 12, 5598 (2012)
  25. Sim H, Bok S, Kim B, Kim M, Lim GH, Cho SM, Lim B, Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit., 128, 11993 (2016)
  26. Sun Y, Mayers B, Herricks T, Xia Y, Nano Lett., 3, 955 (2003)
  27. Sun Y, Yin Y, Mayers BT, Herricks T, Xia Y, Chem. Mater., 14, 4736 (2002)
  28. Lee H, Lee D, Ahn Y, Lee EW, Park LS, Lee Y, Nanoscale, 6, 8565 (2014)
  29. Sachse C, Muller-Meskamp L, Bormann L, Kim YH, Lehnert F, Philipp A, Beyer B, Leo K, Org. Electron., 14, 143 (2013)
  30. Choi DY, Kang JW, Sung HJ, Kim SS, Nanoscale, 5, 977 (2013)
  31. Krantz J, Stubhan T, Richter M, Spallek S, Litzov I, Matt GJ, Spiecker E, Brabec CJ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 23(13), 1711 (2013)
  32. Scardaci V, Coull R, Lyons PE, Rickard D, Coleman JN, Small, 7, 2621 (2011)
  33. Hu L, Kim HS, Lee JY, Peumans P, Cui Y, ACS Nano, 2955, 2010
  34. Jung E, Kim C, Kim M, Chae H, Cho JH, Cho SM, Org. Electron., 41, 190 (2017)
  35. Kang H, Kang I, Han J, Kim JB, Lee DY, Cho SM, Cho JH, J. Phys. Chem. C, 120, 22012 (2016)
  36. Bellew AT, Manning HG, da Rocha CG, Ferreira MS, Boland JJ, ACS Nano, 9, 11422 (2015)
  37. Chen D, Liang JJ, Liu C, Saldanha G, Zhao FC, Tong K, Liu J, Pei QB, Adv. Funct. Mater., 25(48), 7512 (2015)
  38. Chen D, Zhao F, Tong K, Saldanha G, Liu C, Pei Q, Adv. Electron. Mater., 2, 160016 (2016)
  39. Hu W, Niu X, Zhao R, Pei Q, Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 083303 (2013)
  40. Im HG, Jin J, Ko JH, Lee J, Lee JY, Bae BS, Nanoscale, 6, 711 (2014)
  41. Lee JG, Kim DY, Lee JH, Sinha-Ray S, Yarin AL, Swihart MT, Kim D, Yoon SS, Adv. Funct. Mater., 27, 201602 (2017)
  42. Lee MS, Lee K, Kim SY, Lee H, Park J, Choi KH, Kim HK, Kim DG, Lee DY, Nam S, Nano Lett., 13, 2814 (2013)
  43. Ye SR, Rathmell AR, Chen ZF, Stewart IE, Wiley BJ, Adv. Mater., 26(39), 6670 (2014)
  44. Madaria AR, Kumar A, Ishikawa FN, Zhou C, Nano Res., 3, 564 (2010)
  45. Coskun S, Ates ES, Unalan HE, Nanotechnology, 24, 125202 (2013)
  46. Song TB, Chen Y, Chung CH, Yang Y, Bob B, Duan HS, Li G, Tu KN, Huang Y, Yang Y, ACS Nano, 8, 2804 (2014)
  47. Lee JY, Connor ST, Cui Y, Peumans P, Nano Lett., 8, 689 (2008)
  48. Choo DC, Kim TW, Sci. Rep., 7, 1696 (2017)
  49. Hardin BE, Gaynor W, Ding IK, Rim SB, Peumans P, McGehee MD, Org. Electron., 12, 875 (2011)
  50. Hauger TC, Al-Rafia SI, Buriak JM, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5, 12663 (2013)
  51. Tokuno T, Nogi M, Karakawa M, Jiu J, Nge TT, Aso Y, Suganuma K, Nano Res., 4, 1215 (2011)
  52. Garnett EC, Cai WS, Cha JJ, Mahmood F, Connor ST, Christoforo MG, Cui Y, McGehee MD, Brongersma ML, Nat. Mater., 11(3), 241 (2012)
  53. Park JH, Hwang GT, Kim S, Seo J, Park HJ, Yu K, Kim TS, Lee KJ, Adv. Mater., 29, 160347 (2017)
  54. Kim J, Nam YS, Song MH, Park HW, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 20938 (2016)
  55. Jang YR, Chung WH, Hwang YT, Hwang HJ, Kim SH, Kim HS, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 10, 24099 (2018)
  56. Jiu J, Nogi M, Sugahara T, Tokuno T, Araki T, Komoda N, Suganuma K, Uchida H, Shinozaki K, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 23561 (2012)
  57. Lee J, Woo JY, Kim JT, Lee BY, Han CS, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 10974 (2014)
  58. Lee J, Lee I, Kim TS, Lee JY, Small, 9, 2887 (2013)
  59. Kang H, Kim Y, Cheon S, Yi GR, Cho JH, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 30779 (2017)
  60. Lee SJ, Kim YH, Kim JK, Baik H, Park JH, Lee J, Nam J, Park JH, Lee TW, Yi GR, Nanoscale, 6, 11828 (2014)
  61. Ahn J, Seo JW, Kim JY, Lee J, Cho C, Kang J, Choi SY, Lee JY, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 1112 (2016)
  62. Yoon SS, Khang DY, Nano Lett., 16, 3550 (2016)
  63. Chang YM, Yeh WY, Chen PC, Nanotechnology, 25, 285601 (2014)
  64. Kang H, Song SJ, Sul YE, An BS, Yin Z, Choi Y, Pu L, Yang CW, Kim YS, Cho SM, ACS Nano, 12, 4894 (2018)
  65. Lee H, Hong S, Lee J, Suh YD, Kwon J, Moon H, Kim H, Yeo J, Ko SH, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 15449 (2016)
  66. Eom H, Lee J, Pichitpajongkit A, Amjadi M, Jeong JH, Lee E, Lee JY, Park I, Small, 10, 4171 (2014)
  67. Sophie S, Philip EL, Sukanta D, Janet CD, Jonathan NC, Nanotechnology, 23, 185201 (2012)