This work reports a study of the electrical conductivity under compression of nanostructured carbon powders with different physicochemical properties (texture, chemical-surface and morphology): a commercial carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R) and synthesized ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC), carbon nanocoils (CNC) and carbon nanofibers (CNF). The electrical conductivity was determined from the sample resistance under compaction (from 0.5 to 140 MPa) using the four-probe technique. A comparison of intrinsic and grain electrical conductivities (calculated according to the percolation theory and the general effective media approximation) was performed. Additionally, samples were subjected to chemical oxidation or graphitization treatments to evaluate the effect of oxygen content and structural properties on the electrical conductivity. In spite of the physicochemical differences of carbon materials, an exponential decrease of the electrical conductivity with the oxygen amount was stated. Finally, thermal treatment of OMC at 1500 degrees C led to a surprising increase in its conductivity due to the graphitization of the amorphous carbon structure of the original material and the oxygen removal. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.