Mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs) are of an excellent adhesive property. The catechol structure (i.e., 1, 2-dihydroxybenzene) of 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) plays a key role in MAPs adhesion. Inspired by the MAPs adhesion, we synthesized catechol-based benzoxazine monomers (BOZ-ca) via Mannich reaction of catechol, aniline and paraformaldehyde, and then the polybenzoxazine containing catechol groups (PBOZ-ca) was obtained through the ring-opening polymerization of BOZ-ca in this work. The structure of BOZ-ca was characterized by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and FTIR. Interestingly, the DSC results show that the autocatalytic polymerization effect of BOZ-ca owing to the existence of phenolic hydroxyl groups decreases the polymerization temperature of BOZ-ca by ca. 80 degrees C compared with common benzoxazine monomers. The adhesion study results indicate that the catechol structure of PBOZ-ca increases its lap shear adhesion strength by 53% compared with common benzoxazine monomers, up to similar to 2.61 MPa. The introduction of mussel-inspired structure provides a new design routine for the improvement of polybenzoxazine adhesion property.