Considered is the addition of special surface roughness patterns to impingement target surfaces to improve the effectiveness and surface heat transfer augmentation levels of impingement cooling. Three different impingement hole shapes are employed within a jet array: circle, racetrack, and triangle. These are designed so that all three hole shapes have the same hydraulic diameter. Different sizes, different shapes, and different distributions of surface roughness elements are utilized, including arrays of small triangle roughness, with different roughness heights, employed with and without the addition of large pin roughness elements. Data are presented for impingement jet Reynolds numbers of 900, 1500, 5000, and 11,000. Overall, the racetrack hole configuration generally provides approximately the same heat transfer augmentation as the circle hole configuration, with slightly better performance, under some conditions. The triangle hole configuration provides lower heat transfer augmentation, compared to both the circle hole and racetrack hole configurations. The addition of small triangle roughness to the target plates shows an increase in heat transfer augmentation, compared to the baseline target plate, for both the circle and racetrack hole configurations. For the triangle hole configuration, the addition of small triangle roughness generally shows negligible or negative improvement, compared to the baseline target plate. Also illustrated is significantly different Reynolds number dependence for impingement cooling, as hole shape changes from circle to racetrack, and triangle. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.