Streams situated in areas of sugarcane cultivation receive high concentrations of metal ions from the adjacent areas, causing accumulation of metals in the aquatic sediment. Several adsorbents have been used to remove metal from water. Activated carbons clays and biopolymers are among the common adsorbents utilized. Chitosan beads, an alternative biopolymer that exhibits a high affinity for metal ions, are easy to prepare under laboratory conditions, have low overall cost and can be indicated for the removal of metals from aquatic sediments. This work studied, for the first time, the possible use of Chitosan beads in the adsorption of metals from sediments of streams located in areas adjacent to sugarcane cultivation. The sediments were collected from four streams historically impacted by sugarcane; one of them is located in a preserved area, used as the control site. The sediments were evaluated for adsorption of Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn and Mg. The results showed that the maximum adsorption of metals in chitosan beads (containing only 5.5% of chitosan) were obtained in Sao Joao Stream, such as: 0.65 mg kg(-1) for Cr6+, 2.85 mg kg(-1) for Cu2+, 2.5 mg kg(-1) for Mg2+ and 0.85 mg kg(-1) for Zn2+. For manganese, the maximum adsorption was 0.84 mg kg(-1), obtained for the Agua Sumida Stream. The adsorption had high affinity for Cu, Zn and Cr and low affinity for Mg and Mn. Chitosan presented potential and viability for use in the remediation of the impacts of metals on aquatic sediment systems, with high adsorption and capacity to be applied "in loco".