Production Biodiesel via In-situ Transesterification from Chlorella sp. using Microwave with Base Catalyst

Ummu Kalsum; Heri Septya Kusuma; Achmad Roesy; Mahfud Mahfud

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.56, No.5, 773-778, October, 2018

DOI10.9713/kcer.2018.56.5.773 Export Citation

Production Biodiesel via In-situ Transesterification from Chlorella sp. using Microwave with Base Catalyst

Ummu Kalsum, Heri Septya Kusuma^†, Achmad Roesy, and Mahfud Mahfud^†

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

E-mail:,

In-situ transesterification of microalgae lipids using microwave irradiation has potential to simplify and accelerate biodiesel production, as it minimizes production cost and reaction time by direct transesterification of microalgae into biodiesel with microwave as a heating source. This study was conducted to research the effect of microwave irradiation with in-situ transesterification of microalgae under base catalyst condition. The process variables (reaction time, solvent ratio, microwave power) were studied using 2% of catalyst concentration. The maximum yield of FAME was obtained at about 32.18% at the reaction time of 30 min with biomass-methanol ratio 1:12 (w/v) and microwave power of 450 W. The GC MS analysis obtained that the main component of FAME from microalgal oils (or lipids) was palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The results show that microwaves can be used as a heating source to synthesize biodiesel from microalgae in terms of major components resulting.

Keywords:Base catalyzed;in-situ transesterification;Microwave;Microalgae;Chlorella sp

[References]

Dinh LTT, Guo Y, Mannan MS, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 28, 38 (2009)
Ehimen EA, Sun ZF, Carrington CG, Fuel, 89(3), 677 (2010)
Miao XL, Li RX, Yao HY, Energy Conv. Manag., 50(10), 2680 (2009)
Johnson MB, Wen ZY, Energy Fuels, 23, 5179 (2009)
Xu R, Mi Y, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 88, 91 (2011)
Vyas AP, Verma JL, Subrahmanyam N, Fuel, 89(1), 1 (2010)
Lotero E, Liu YJ, Lopez DE, Suwannakarn K, Bruce DA, Goodwin JG, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(14), 5353 (2005)
Kusuma HP, Altway A, Mahfud M, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 55(4), 510 (2017)
Kusuma HS, Rohadi TI, Daniswara EF, Altway A, Mahfud M, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 55(4), 574 (2017)
Putri DKY, Kusuma HS, Syahputra ME, Parasandi D, Mahfud M, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 101, 1 (2017)
Ismanto AW, Kusuma HS, Mahfud M, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 101, 1 (2017)
Ismanto AW, Kusuma HS, Mahfud M, The 24th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE 2017), Semarang (2018).
Kusuma HS, Altway A, Mahfud M, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 101, 1 (2017)
Kusuma HS, Altway A, Mahfud M, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 58, 343 (2018)
Koberg M, Cohen M, Ben-Amotz A, Gedanken A, Bioresour. Technol., 102(5), 4265 (2011)
Teo CL, Idris A, Bioresour. Technol., 174, 281 (2014)
Teo CL, Idris A, Bioresour. Technol., 174, 311 (2014)
Wahidin S, Idris A, Shaleh SRM, Energy Conv. Manag., 84, 227 (2014)
Mahfud M, Suryanto A, Qadariyah L, Suprapto S, Kusuma HS, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 56(2), 275 (2018)
Velasquez-Orta SB, Lee JGM, Harvey A, Fuel, 94(1), 544 (2012)
Nomanbhay S, Ong MY, Bioengineering, 4, 1 (2017)
Mubarak M, Shaija A, Suchithra TV, Algal Res., 7, 117 (2015)
Mulbry W, Kondrad S, Buyer J, Luthria DL, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 86, 909 (2009)
Patil PD, Gude VG, Mannarswamy A, Deng SG, Cooke P, Munson-McGee S, Rhodes I, Lammers P, Nirmalakhandan N, Bioresour. Technol., 102(1), 118 (2011)
Martinez-Guerra E, Gude VG, Mondala A, Holmes W, Hernandez R, Bioresour. Technol., 156, 240 (2014)
Caddick S, Fitzmaurice R, Tetrahedron, 65, 3325 (2009)

[1] Dinh LTT, Guo Y, Mannan MS, Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, 28, 38 (2009)

[2] Ehimen EA, Sun ZF, Carrington CG, Fuel, 89(3), 677 (2010)

[3] Miao XL, Li RX, Yao HY, Energy Conv. Manag., 50(10), 2680 (2009)

[4] Johnson MB, Wen ZY, Energy Fuels, 23, 5179 (2009)

[5] Xu R, Mi Y, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 88, 91 (2011)

[6] Vyas AP, Verma JL, Subrahmanyam N, Fuel, 89(1), 1 (2010)

[7] Lotero E, Liu YJ, Lopez DE, Suwannakarn K, Bruce DA, Goodwin JG, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(14), 5353 (2005)

[8] Kusuma HP, Altway A, Mahfud M, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 55(4), 510 (2017)

[9] Kusuma HS, Rohadi TI, Daniswara EF, Altway A, Mahfud M, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 55(4), 574 (2017)

[10] Putri DKY, Kusuma HS, Syahputra ME, Parasandi D, Mahfud M, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 101, 1 (2017)

[11] Ismanto AW, Kusuma HS, Mahfud M, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 101, 1 (2017)

[12] Ismanto AW, Kusuma HS, Mahfud M, The 24th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE 2017), Semarang (2018).

[13] Kusuma HS, Altway A, Mahfud M, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 101, 1 (2017)

[14] Kusuma HS, Altway A, Mahfud M, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 58, 343 (2018)

[15] Koberg M, Cohen M, Ben-Amotz A, Gedanken A, Bioresour. Technol., 102(5), 4265 (2011)

[16] Teo CL, Idris A, Bioresour. Technol., 174, 281 (2014)

[17] Teo CL, Idris A, Bioresour. Technol., 174, 311 (2014)

[18] Wahidin S, Idris A, Shaleh SRM, Energy Conv. Manag., 84, 227 (2014)

[19] Mahfud M, Suryanto A, Qadariyah L, Suprapto S, Kusuma HS, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 56(2), 275 (2018)

[20] Velasquez-Orta SB, Lee JGM, Harvey A, Fuel, 94(1), 544 (2012)

[21] Nomanbhay S, Ong MY, Bioengineering, 4, 1 (2017)

[22] Mubarak M, Shaija A, Suchithra TV, Algal Res., 7, 117 (2015)

[23] Mulbry W, Kondrad S, Buyer J, Luthria DL, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 86, 909 (2009)

[24] Patil PD, Gude VG, Mannarswamy A, Deng SG, Cooke P, Munson-McGee S, Rhodes I, Lammers P, Nirmalakhandan N, Bioresour. Technol., 102(1), 118 (2011)

[25] Martinez-Guerra E, Gude VG, Mondala A, Holmes W, Hernandez R, Bioresour. Technol., 156, 240 (2014)

[26] Caddick S, Fitzmaurice R, Tetrahedron, 65, 3325 (2009)