Separation and Purification Technology, Vol.204, 261-275, 2018
Simultaneous separation and concentration of polyphenols from pomegranate industrial waste by multistage counter-current system; comparing with ultrafiltration concentration
Pomegranate industrial waste (PIW) could be an attractive source for the economic recovery of natural antioxidant (polyphenols) with well-known health benefits. Industrial processing of above 0.35 MMT pomegranates produces considerable amounts of PIW annually in Iran at both a high cost and risk to the environment. Multistage countercurrent extraction (MSCE) has been used to produce high concentrated polyphenolic extract from PIW for commercial purposes. In comparison with the single pot extraction, the MSCE was comprised advantages of much lower extraction solvent (8 ml/g versus 30 ml/g) and the extraction temperature (40 degrees C versus 65 degrees C) leading to reduce energy consumption, and the prevention of bioactive substances being degraded. Superiority of the MSCE process against two steps processes, comprising single pot extraction and ultrafiltration (UF) concentration was also demonstrated. For the final product, hydrolysable tannins (HT: 59.14 mg tannic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoids (TF: 22.59 mg rutin equivalent/g), radical scavenging activity (DPPH IC50: 12.52 mg/L extract) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP: 730.2 mu M Fe (II)/g waste), were also quantified. A custom made solid phase extraction set-up was used for the separation and purification of HT as the major constituents of TPC (about 50%), which were further characterized and quantified by HPLC analysis.
Keywords:Pomegranate industrial waste;Multistage counter current extraction;Independent variables optimization;Ultrafiltration concentration