In this paper, we describe a broad class of control functions for extremum seeking problems. We show that it unifies and generalizes existing extremum seeking strategies which are based on Lie bracket approximations, and allows to design new controls with favorable properties in extremum seeking and vibrational stabilization tasks. The second result of this paper is a novel approach for studying the asymptotic behavior of extremum seeking systems. It provides a constructive procedure for defining frequencies of control functions to ensure the practical asymptotic and exponential stability. In contrast to many known results, we also prove asymptotic and exponential stability in the sense of Lyapunov for the proposed class of extremum seeking systems under appropriate assumptions on the vector fields. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.