Applied Surface Science, Vol.449, 399-404, 2018
Structural and magnetic properties of near surface superparamagnetic Ni1-xFex nanoparticles in SiO2 formed by low energy dual ion implantation with different fluences
Low energy implantation of Ni and Fe into SiO2 films resulted in the formation of superparamagnetic Ni1-xFex nanoparticles for Ni fluences of 2 x 10(16) at./cm(2), 4 x 10(16) at./cm(2), and 6 x 10(16) at./cm(2) where the Ni: Fe fluence ratios were 47:56, 53:47, and 63:37, respectively. Small similar to 5 nm Ni1-xFex nanoparticles were dispersed in the implantation region for the lowest Ni fluence. Increasing the Ni fluence resulted in a different nanoparticle morphology where larger nanoparticles appeared at the surface and small Ni1-xFex segregated regions to a depth of similar to 20 nm. The average nanoparticle size in the surface region was similar to 8 nm for Ni fluences of 4 x 10(16) at./cm(2) and 6 x 10(16) at./cm(2). The highest Ni fluence film also had smaller Ni1-xFex nanoparticles at a depth of similar to 11 nm. The largest high field moment per implanted ion was found for the intermediate Ni fluence. The spin-stiffness was similar for all fluences and smaller than that expected for bulk Ni1-xFex. A small spin-disordered region was evident with the same low spin-freezing temperatures that may be due to a similar spin-disordered shells. dM/dH at 300 K was estimated and found to be highest for a Ni fluence of 4 x 10(16) at./cm(2) where it reached 62. (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.