Applied Energy, Vol.223, 369-382, 2018
The use of strontium ferrite in chemical looping systems
This work reports a detailed chemical looping investigation of strontium ferrite (SrFeO3_delta), a material with the perovskite structure type able to donate oxygen and stay in a nonstoichiometric form over a broad range of oxygen partial pressures, starting at temperatures as low as 250 degrees C (reduction in CO, measured in TGA). SrFeO3_delta is an economically attractive, simple, but remarkably stable material that can withstand repeated phase transitions during redox cycling. Mechanical mixing and calcination of iron oxide and strontium carbonate was evaluated as an effective way to obtain pure SrFeO3_delta. In-situ XRD was performed to analyse structure transformations during reduction and reoxidation. Our work reports that much deeper reduction, from SrFeO3_delta to SrO and Fe, is reversible and results in oxygen release at a chemical potential suitable for hydrogen production. Thermogravimetric experiments with different gas compositions were applied to characterize the material and evaluate its available oxygen capacity. In both TGA and in-situ XRD experiments the material was reduced below delta = 0.5 followed by reoxidation either with CO2 or air, to study phase segregation and reversibility of crystal structure transitions. As revealed by in-situ XRD, even deeply reduced material regenerates at 900 degrees C to SrFeO3_delta with a cubic structure. To investigate the catalytic behaviour of SrFeO3_delta in methane combustion, experiments were performed in a fluidized bed rig. These showed SrFeO3_delta donates O-2 into the gas phase but also assists with CH4 combustion by supplying lattice oxygen. To test the material for combustion and hydrogen production, long cycling experiments in a fluidized bed rig were also performed. SrFeO3_delta showed stability over 30 redox cycles, both in experiments with a 2-step oxidation performed in CO2 followed by air, as well as a single step oxidation in CO2 alone. Finally, the influence of CO/CO2 mixtures on material performance was tested; a fast and deep reduction in elevated P-CO2 makes the material susceptible to carbonation, but the process can be reversed by increasing the temperature or lowering p(CO2).
Keywords:Chemical looping combustion;CLC;Hydrogen production;Perovskite;Strontium ferrite;Oxygen carrier