Accurate determination of density, surface tension, and vessel depth using a triple bubbler system

Ammon N. Williams; Greg G. Galbreth; Jeff Sanders

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.63, 149-156, July, 2018

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2018.02.011 Export Citation

Accurate determination of density, surface tension, and vessel depth using a triple bubbler system

Ammon N. Williams^†, Greg G. Galbreth, and Jeff Sanders

Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID, 83401, United States, USA

E-mail:

A triple bubbler sensor was developed for use in high temperature molten salt systems used in pyroprocessing to determine the density, surface tension, and depth of the molten salt. Preliminary bubbler testing was performed in aqueous solutions to calibrate and validate the bubbler sensor. Independently determined fluid property values and depths were compared to the calculated values and the percent differences were less than 0.16%, 3.38%, and 0.31% for density, surface tension, and depth, respectively. In addition, uncertainties were within 0.04%, 1.25%, and 0.15% for density, surface tension, and depth, respectively.

Keywords:Maximum bubble pressure;Safeguards;Material accountancy;Process monitoring;Pyroprocessing

[References]

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ISO 18231 Parts 1-6 (2008), Nuclear Fuel Technology - Tank Calibration and Volume Determination for Nuclear Materials Accountancy.
Laidler JJ, Battles JE, Miller WE, Ackerman JP, Carls EL, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 31, 131 (1997)
Mariani RD, Vaden D, J. Nucl. Mater., 404, 25 (2010)
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[Referenced By]

[1] Miller MC, Vega DA, Nucl. Eng. Technol., 45, 803 (2013)

[2] Parsons BB, Wells JL, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 24, 616 (1977)

[3] Boisvert J, Carsella B, Shannon W, Williams T, Liquid Level Measurement, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

[4] Edwards JE, Otterson DW, Meas. Control, 47, 153 (2014)

[5] Bean R, Aqueous Processing Material Accountability Instrumentation, Idaho National Laboratory, 2007 Technical Report: INL/EXT-07-13431.

[6] ISO 18231 Parts 1-6 (2008), Nuclear Fuel Technology - Tank Calibration and Volume Determination for Nuclear Materials Accountancy.

[7] Laidler JJ, Battles JE, Miller WE, Ackerman JP, Carls EL, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 31, 131 (1997)

[8] Mariani RD, Vaden D, J. Nucl. Mater., 404, 25 (2010)

[9] Tallackson JR, Moore RL, Ditto SJ, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1967 Technical Report: ORNL-TM-1856.

[10] Lambert H, Study of a Double Bubbler for Material Balance in Liquids, Idaho National Laboratory, 2013 Technical Report: INL/ EXT 13-29609.

[11] Kim JY, Lee JH, Bae SE, Paek S, Kim SH, Kim TJ, Park TH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 49, 30 (2017)

[12] Holcomb CD, Zollweg JA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 154, 51 (1992)

[13] ASTM D 3825-90 (reapproved 2005), Standard Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by Fast-Bubble Technique.

[14] Galbreth GG, Li S, Vaden D, Yoo T, Proceedings of Institute of Nuclear Material Management . Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, July, 2016.

[15] Parmelee CW, Lyon KC, Harman CG, Univ. Illinois Bull. XXXVI, (81) 8 (1939).

[16] Mysels KJ, Langmuir, 2, 428 (1986)

[17] Mysels KJ, Colloids Surf., 43, 241 (1990)

[18] Hosoma T, Artomi M, Kawa T, Nucl. Technol., 120, 121 (1997)

[19] Sugden S, J. Chem. Soc. Trans., 125, 29 (1924)

[20] Schrodinger E, Ann. Physik, 4th series 46, 1915, 414.

[21] Conde-Petit MR, M. Conde Eng. (2014).

[22] Ozdemir O, Karakashev SI, Nguyen AV, Miller JD, Miner. Eng., 22(3), 263 (2009)

[23] Harkins WD, McLaughlin HM, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 47, 2083 (1925)

[24] Perry R, Chilton CH, Kirkpatrick SD, Perry’s Chemical Handbook, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1963, pp.77 2018.

[25] Lide D, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed., Chemical Rubber Company (CRC), 6 1990-1991.

[26] Vargaftik NB, Volkov BN, Voljak LD, J. Phys. Chem. Ref Data, 12, 817 (1983)