Mechano-Chemical Modification of Waste Rubber Powder with 2-Mercatobenzothiozole and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Xiaoping Wang; Jianghua Du; Xin Zhang; Deming Jia

Macromolecular Research, Vol.26, No.5, 403-409, May, 2018

DOI10.1007/s13233-018-6056-5 Export Citation

Mechano-Chemical Modification of Waste Rubber Powder with 2-Mercatobenzothiozole and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane

Xiaoping Wang^{1, 2, †}, Jianghua Du^{1, 2}, Xin Zhang^{1, 2}, and Deming Jia^{1, 2}

¹School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
²Guangdong Key Lab for High-performance and Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China

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A mechano-chemical modification process for waste rubber powder (WRP) was investigated in this paper. 2-Mercatobenzothiozole (accelerator M) was introduced as a peptizer to improve plasticity of WRP, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (silane coupling agent KH550) was used as a surfactant to further modify the surface of plasticized rubber powder (PRP) to improve interfacial bonding with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Infrared spectrums showed that the WRP generated more oxygen-containing groups by mechanical forces in the presence of accelerator M and then grafted amino groups with KH550. The mechano-chemical process with accelerator M changed the structure of WRP obviously shown by sol fraction and microstructure of PRP, which increased the mechanical properties and crosslink density of full rubber powder vulcanizates. After further modified by KH550, the modified rubber powder (MRP) had a positive chemical interfacial bonding with ENR, changing the fracture surface and improving the mechanical properties of vulcanizates. The cure characteristics of the vulcanizates also illustrated that accelerator M and KH550 participated in the vulcanization process increasing the curing efficiency. The best mechanical properties of ENR/MRP vulcanizates were better than the neat ENR vulcanizates. It indicated that the mechano-chemical process with accelerator M and KH550 will be a potential method to reclaim WRP.

Keywords:waste rubber powder;mechano-chemical modification;2-mercatobenzothiozole;3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane;epoxidized natural rubber

[References]

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[2] Adhikari B, De D, Maiti S, Prog. Polym. Sci, 25, 909 (2000)

[3] Rooj S, Basak GC, Maji PK, Bhowmick AK, J. Polym. Environ., 19, 382 (2011)

[4] Formela K, Klein M, Colom X, Saeb MR, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 125, 1 (2016)

[5] Jana GK, Das CK, Macromol. Res., 13(1), 30 (2005)

[6] Ondoy KC, Pajarito BB, Mater. Sci. Forum, 890, 64 (2017)

[7] Wang Z, Kang Y, Wang Z, Cheng Y, J. Polym. Eng., 37 (2017)

[8] Movahed SO, Ansarifa A, Karbalaee S, Far SA, Prog. Rubb. Plast. Re. Technol., 31, 87 (2015)

[9] Valasek P, Muller M, Eng. Rural Dev., 13, 396 (2014)

[10] Datta J, Wloch M, Macromol. Res., 23(12), 1117 (2015)

[11] Kim JI, Ryu SH, Chang YW, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 77, 2595 (2015)

[12] Shanmugharaj AM, Kim JK, Ryu SH, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104(4), 2237 (2007)

[13] Sun B, Du Z, Cao H, Du L, Yu W, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 134, 45438 (2017)

[14] Li M, Zhu W, Xu Y, Fu M, Cao Y, J. Vinyl Addit. Technol., 20, 225 (2015)

[15] Kim D, Kim G, Bae J, Oh S, Park E, Chung I, Macromol. Res., 24(3), 261 (2016)

[16] Zhang ZX, Lee SH, Kim JK, Zhang SL, Xin ZX, Macromol. Res., 16(5), 404 (2008)

[17] Nuntahirun P, Yamamoto O, Paoprasert P, Macromol. Res., 24, 1 (2016)

[18] Lu S, Song Y, Zhang L, Dong S, Li Y, China Synth. Rubb. Ind., 29, 245 (2006)

[19] Karabork F, Akdemir A, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 132, 42419 (2015)

[20] Karabork F, Pehlivan E, Akdemir A, J. Polym. Eng., 34, 543 (2014)

[21] Aoudia K, Azem S, Ait HN, Gratton M, Pettarin V, Waste Manage., 60, 471 (2017)

[22] Sousa FDBD, Scuracchio CH, Hu GH, Hoppe S, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 138, 169 (2017)

[23] Yasina T, Khana S, Shafiqa M, Gillb R, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 106, 343 (2015)

[24] Hu M, Zhao S, Li C, Wang B, Yao C, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 107, 91 (2014)

[25] Chengalroyen MD, Dabbs ER, J. Polym. Environ., 21, 874 (2013)

[26] Ong HR, Khan MR, Yousuf A, Jeyaratnam N, Prasad DMR, Pol. J. Chem. Tech., 17, 41 (2015)

[27] Jiang S, Ji LM, J. Compos. Mater., 50 (2016)

[28] An JY, Park JM, Bang D, Kim BS, Oh MH, J. Korean Inst. Resour. Recy., 24, 59 (2015)

[29] Thaicharoen P, Thamyongkit P, Poompradub S, Korean. J. Chem. Eng., 27, 1177 (2010)

[30] Alam MN, Mandal SK, Debnath SC, Rubb. Chem. Technol., 85, 120 (2012)

[31] Arkles B, Chemtech, 7, 766 (1977)

[32] Du HX, Chem. Adhes., 35, 63 (2013)

[33] Flory PJ, Rehner J, J. Chem. Phys., 11, 521 (1943)

[34] Lay M, Rashid AA, Othman N, Tezuka Y, Pen C, Adv. Mater. Res., 858, 24 (2014)