TiO2-SiO2 heterostructure photonic crystal was rapidly fabricated by a modified electrophoresis-assisted self assembly process. The effect of voltage on preparation and properties of TiO2-SiO2 heterostructure photonic crystal was discussed. The results of the tests show that TiO2-SiO2 heterostructure photonic crystal with different structures can be rapidly fabricated by controlling the voltage. With the increase of voltage, the TiO2-SiO2 heterostructure photonic crystal is more likely to form an ordered hexagonal array and shows a more bright and uniform color. Meanwhile, the central wavelength of the photonic band gap will be blue shifted in the near infrared region.