BACKGROUND: The Fenton-based processes have been extensively studied for the treatment of pollutants contained in olive mill wastewater (OMW). These processes have some limitations, such as the need for acidic pH control, the generation of a sludge, and the separation of soluble iron species. Mined pyrite (FeS2) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) avoid the problem associated with sludge formation and the acidic pH adjustment. The catalytic activity of pyrite and chalcopyrite was investigated for the Fenton and LED (light emitting diode) photo-Fenton-like oxidation of tyrosol (TY) and in the treatment of aqueous mixtures containing phenolic compounds. RESULTS: The highest mineralization of TY (85%) and lowest Fe leaching (0.89 mg L-1) was obtained by using chalcopyrite and the LED photo-Fenton-like process (0.50 mmol L-1 of TY initial concentration and 19.0 mmol L-1 of H2O2 stoichiometric dosage). Complete degradation of the phenolic pollutants and mineralization of 98% was also achieved. CONCLUSION: Mined chalcopyrite can be an appropriate photo-Fenton-like catalyst in the degradation of phenolic compounds found in OMW because it can provide a high TOC removal, proper acidic pH conditions, low leaching of iron species and spontaneous formation of a small amount of H2O2. However, the catalyst stability must be improved to minimize the leaching of metals.(C) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry