A coal tar was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, methanol, butanone, carbon disulfide, and isometric butanone/carbon disulfide mixed solvent to afford extracts 1 to 5 (E-1 to E-5) under ultrasonic irradiation in a batch extraction system, respectively. All of the extracts were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. Results showed that 18 compounds were detected in E-1, including 17 condensed arenes varying from one to five rings and 1 organooxygen compound. A series of heteroatom-containing organic species were enriched to large extents in E-2; and 16 compounds were detected in E-3, including 13 condensed arenes, 1 organosulfur compound, and 2 organonitrogen compounds. Organic species in E-4 and E-5 with molecular weight beyond the measurement range of gas chromatography/mass spectrometer were identified using Fourier transform infrared. Possible structures of some highly condensed aromatic species were inferred.