In this study, magnetite (Fe3O4), as the typical conductive material, was supplemented in anaerobic sequential batch reactor (ASBR) with the attempt to enhance pollutants removal and methane production during Fischer-Tropsch wastewater treatment. The results showed that COD removal efficiency and cumulative methane production with the addition of optimum magnetite dosage (0.4 g) were as high as 84.3 +/- 2.0% and 7.46 +/- 0.24 L, which were higher than other test groups (0, 0.2 and 0.6 g). Furthermore, the combination of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and metagenomic analysis in this study further confirmed that the Geobacter and Methanosaeta species were specially enriched in bacterial and archaeal community at the optimum magnetite dosage, suggesting that magnetite-mediated direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between Geobacter and Methanosaeta species was likely a crucial reason to promote syntrophic metabolism of propionic acid and butyric acid, and further enhance final methanogenesis.