Oxygen Contribution for Uniform Formation of Crystalline Zinc Oxide/ Polyethylenimine Interfaces to Boost Charge Generation/Transport in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Soyun Park; Woongsik Jang; Jae Sang Cho; Minji Yi; Dong Hwan Wang

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.61, 314-320, May, 2018

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.029 Export Citation

Oxygen Contribution for Uniform Formation of Crystalline Zinc Oxide/ Polyethylenimine Interfaces to Boost Charge Generation/Transport in Inverted Organic Solar Cells

Soyun Park, Woongsik Jang, Jae Sang Cho, Minji Yi, and Dong Hwan Wang^†

School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea

E-mail:

This work demonstrates inverted organic photovoltaics with zinc oxide under an oxygen environment. ZnO films are based on a zinc acetate dihydrate and prepared via annealing in air or argon which performance shows a clear dependence on ZnO formation. We investigated chemical component and crystal structure of ZnO through XPS and XRD. The oxygen contributed ZnO enhances the self-assembly between amine of polyethylenimine (PEI) and hydroxyls, which induces smoothness of ZnO/PEI interface. As a result, PCE with optimized ZnO/PEI exhibited 8.83%, compared to in argon (4.67%). Moreover, oxygen-contributed ZnO/PEI cells lead to air stability with 80% sustained efficiency during the 500 hours.

Keywords:Iverted organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells;Buffer layer;Zinc oxide (ZnO);Oxygen contribution;Self-assembly

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[2] Lungenschmied C, Dennler G, Neugebauer H, Sariciftci SN, Glatthaar M, Meyer T, Meyer A, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells, 91, 379 (2007)

[3] Galagan Y, Rubingh JEJM, Andriessen R, Fan CC, Blom PWM, Veenstra SC, Kroon JM, Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. Cells, 95, 1339 (2011)

[4] Krebs FC, Spanggard H, Kjær T, Biancardo M, Alstrup J, Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol., 138, 106 (2007)

[5] Niggemann M, Zimmermann B, Haschke J, Glatthaar M, Gombert A, Thin Solid Films, 516(20), 7181 (2008)

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[8] Blouin N, Michaud A, Gendron D, Wakim S, Blair E, Neagu-Plesu R, Belletete M, Durocher G, Tao Y, Leclerc M, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130(2), 732 (2008)

[9] Ma WL, Yang CY, Gong X, Lee K, Heeger AJ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 15(10), 1617 (2005)

[10] Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang JS, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, Yang Y, Nat. Mater., 4(11), 864 (2005)

[11] Peet J, Kim JY, Coates NE, Ma WL, Moses D, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC, Nat. Mater., 6(7), 497 (2007)

[12] Hauch JA, Schilinsky P, Choulis SA, Childers R, Biele M, Brabec CJ, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 92(7), 727 (2008)

[13] Brabec CJ, Gowrisanker S, Halls JJM, Laird D, Jia SJ, Williams SP, Adv. Mater., 22(34), 3839 (2010)

[14] Kawano K, Pacios R, Poplavskyy D, Nelson J, Bradley DDC, Durrant JR, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 90(20), 3520 (2006)

[15] de Jong MP, van LJ, Jzendoorn I, de Voigt MJA, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 2255 (2000)

[16] Jorgensen M, Norrman K, Krebs FC, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 92(7), 686 (2008)

[17] Yan H, Lee P, Armstrong AG, Evmenenko GA, Dutta P, Marks TJ, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 127, 3172 (2005)

[18] Norrman K, Gevorgyan SA, Krebs FC, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 1, 102 (2009)

[19] Kang H, Hong S, Lee J, Lee K, Adv. Mater., 24(22), 3005 (2012)

[20] Wang JC, Weng WT, Tsai MY, Lee MK, Horng SF, Perng TP, Kei CC, Yu CC, Meng HF, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 862 (2010)

[21] Hau SK, Yip HL, Baek NS, Zou J, O’Malley K, Jen AKY, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 253301 (2008)

[22] Kyaw AKK, Sun XW, Jiang CY, Lo GQ, Zhao DW, Kwong DL, Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 221107 (2008)

[23] Waldauf C, Morana M, Denk P, Schilinsky P, Coakley K, Choulis SA, Brabec CJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 233517 (2006)

[24] Steim R, Choulis SA, Schilinsky P, Brabec CJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 093303 (2008)

[25] Liao HH, Chen LM, Xu Z, Li G, Yang Y, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 173303 (2008)

[26] Li CY, Wen TC, Lee TH, Guo TF, Huang JCA, Lin YC, Hsu YJ, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 1643 (2009)

[27] He Z, Zhong C, Su S, Xu M, Wu H, Cao Y, Nat. Photonics, 6, 591 (2012)

[28] Small CE, Chen S, Subbiah J, Amb CM, Tsang SW, Lai TH, Reynolds JR, So F, Nat. Photonics, 6, 115 (2012)

[29] Sun YM, Seo JH, Takacs CJ, Seifter J, Heeger AJ, Adv. Mater., 23(14), 1679 (2011)

[30] Zhang C, You H, Lin Z, Hao Y, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 50, 082302 (2011)

[31] Krebs FC, Gevorgyan SA, Alstrup J, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 5442 (2009)

[32] Bulliard X, Ihn SG, Yun S, Kim Y, Choi D, Choi JY, Kim M, Sim M, Park JH, Choi W, Cho K, Adv. Funct. Mater., 20(24), 4381 (2010)

[33] Chang YM, Leu CY, J. Mater. Chem. A, 1, 6446 (2013)

[34] Chen M, Wang X, Yu YH, Pei ZL, Bai XD, Sun C, Huang RF, Wen LS, Appl. Surf. Sci., 158(1-2), 134 (2000)

[35] Zhang YT, Du GT, Wang XQ, Li WC, Yang XT, Ma Y, Zhao BJ, Yang HJ, Liu DL, Yang SR, J. Cryst. Growth, 252(1-3), 180 (2003)

[36] Wei XQ, Man BY, Liu M, Xue CS, Zhuang HZ, Yang C, Physica B, 388, 145 (2007)

[37] Kang H, Lee J, Jung S, Yu K, Kwon S, Hong S, Lee K, Nanoscale, 5, 11587 (2013)

[38] Woo S, Kim WH, Kim H, Yi Y, Lyu HK, Kim Y, Adv. Funct. Mater., 4 (2014)

[39] Habibi MH, Sardashti MK, J. Nanomater., 2008, 56 (2008)

[40] Lee EJ, Heo SW, Han YW, Moon DK, J. Mater. Chem. C, 4, 2463 (2016)

[41] Guo L, Fei C, Zhang R, Li B, Shen T, Tian T, Cao G, Sci China Mater, 59(9), 710 (2016)