Solid State Ionics, Vol.311, 98-104, 2017
Enhanced electrochemical performance of a LTO/N-doped graphene composite as an anode material for Li-ion batteries
A Li4Ti5O12/N-doped graphene composite has been successfully prepared by a solid-state method. For comparison, pure Li4Ti5O12 and Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite were also synthesized. The results reveal that nitrogen -doped graphene sheets can provide additional free electrons and enhance the electronic conductivity between adjacent Li4Ti5O12 particles. Comparing the electrochemical performances of the three materials, the Li4Ti5O12/N-doped graphene composite exhibits excellent performance with specific capacities of 164, 161.5, 157.9, 144.6, 127.8, 104.4, and 80.5 mAh g(-1) at rates of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 C (1 C = 160 mAh g(-1)), respectively. Moreover, Li4Ti5O12/N-doped graphene composite showed a charge capacity retention of 92% after 200 cycles at a rate of 5 C, which is higher than that of Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite (89.0%) and pure Li4Ti5O12 (87.0%). Electrochemical impedance (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the electrochemical kinetics. The charge transfer resistance of the Li4Ti5O12/N-doped graphene composite (70.9 Omega) is lower than that of Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite (94.4 Omega) and pure Li4Ti5O12 (120.7 Omega). The Li+ diffusion coefficient of the Li4Ti5O12/N-doped graphene composite is 5.76 x 10(-10) cm(2) s(-1), which is larger than that of Li4Ti5O12/graphene composite (3.61 x 10(-10) cm(-2) S-1) and pure Li4Ti5O12 (2.31 x 10(-10) cm(2) s(-1)). The improved electrochemical performance of the Li4Ti5O12/N-doped graphene composite may be ascribed to that the N-doped graphene distributed around Li4Ti5O12 particles, providing high electronic conductivity and fast lithium ion diffusion.