Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and transient dichroism measurements were applied to the direct elucidation of photoinduced electron-transfer dynamics (charge separation, charge recombination, and hole-transfer reactions) in poly(5-vinylbenzo[b]carbazole) (P5VBCz) and poly(7-vinylbenzo[c]carbazole) (P7VBCz) as well as the corresponding monomer model systems in 1,2-dichloroethane solution. Election-transfer dynamics in these polymers was well described by the simple scheme that the cation state of the benzocarbazolyl (BCz(+)) moiety continuously migrates along the pendent BCz moieties in the polymer chain with the charge recombination at the initial position of the charge separation. The rate constants for the hole transfer from the BCz(+) to neighboring ones were found to be (180 ps)(-1) for P5VBCz and (320 ps)(-1) for P7VBCz. These rate constants are several orders of magnitude larger than those estimated by the standard theories of electron transfer assuming a very weak interaction between the reactants. By integrating the present results with those in other aromatic vinyl polymers, the factors regulating the rapid hole-transfer process in aromatic vinyl polymers were discussed.