Researchers, politicians and investors are seeking to develop an agenda related to renewable energy technology and its greatest challenges and opportunities. The present study aims to analyze the perceptions of local stakeholders regarding the social, environmental and economic impacts of small hydroelectric plants. The use of Q Methodology revealed the existence of a range of perceptions among local stakeholders. Essentially, five groups with different perceptions were identified, namely: 'I'm critical', "I see regional benefits', 'I want more results', 'I want social well-being' and 'I weigh all sides'. The article recommends policy-makers should increase transparency and communication regarding the activities related to projects of this nature, in addition to emphasizing the need to review the policies that regulate the energy system.