Outstanding Paper Awards Subcommittee of Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan has assessed the 140 papers published in volume 49 in 2016, and the editorial board finally selected the five papers for JCEJ Outstanding Paper Awards of 2016; these are the papers on "Kinetic Analysis of Decomposition of Ammonia over Nickel and Ruthenium Catalysts," "Numerical Simulation of Molten Slag Deposition in Radiant Syngas Cooler with a CFD-Based Model," " Measurement and Calculation of the Liquid-Liquid Phase Boundaries and Phase Equilibria for the Hexane + Polyethylene System at High Temperatures," "Shear-Induced Microbubble Generation at High Pressures," and " Water Solubility of Complexes between a Peptide Mixture and Poorly Water-Soluble Ionic and Nonionic Drugs."