Hydrogen (H-2) is often considered as the best option to store energy coming from renewable sources. Hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass via fermentation offers low cost and environmental friendly method in terms of energy balance and provides a sustainable pathway for utilization of huge amount of unused biomass. In this regard, special attention on potential of different lignocellulosic biomass is required. In this paper, the fermentative hydrogen production from three carbohydrates-rich biomass: water hyacinth, wheat straw and rice straw is comprehensively reviewed. In other point of view, usage of H-2 has a 10% growth annually that will reach to 8-10% of total energy in 2025. Furthermore, research on recent trends of fermentative hydrogen production is crucial and vital. However, the majority of the published researches in the last decade confirmed that some challenges exists which are the process optimization, effecting parameters and commercialization aspects. (C) 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.