In this work, we report a simple one-step solvothermal method using DMF as solvent to fabricate simultaneously mesoporous/macroporous graphene aerogels (GAs) and strong green photoluminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs). A black monolithic graphene organogel was formed under solvothermal condition and further freeze-dried to obtain GA. In addition, the residual DMF solvent was filtered, dialyzed, and diluted to produce GQDs. The resulting GAs exhibited an average mesopore size of 3.98 nm, while the GQDs had a mean diameter of 4.92 nm. The interconnected macropores were derived from assembled GAs, while the mesopores on GAs were probably formed as a result of "chipping" GQDs off the GA sheets under solvothermal condition. The as -prepared GAs exhibited an amazing adsorption capacity of not only oil products but also toxic solvents like chloroform and toluene. In addition, GAs also showed excellent abilities for dye removal from water. The GQDs exhibited bright green photoluminescent properties with high quantum yield of 11.2%. The solid GQDs were capable of being redissolved in water and most polar organic solvents, and they showed typical excitation- and solvent-dependent properties.