This study,presents detailed information regarding the organic geochemical and biomarker characteristics of the Permian coal-bearing strata in the Huaibei coalfield. The type of organic matter, sources input, depositional paleoenvironments, and thermal maturity are revealed by the organic molecular signatures study. These are of great significance to understand the coalification process and the generation of the coalbed methane. The extractable organic matter (EOM) in coal and coaly mudstone samples are 1.14%,and 0.11% on average, respectively (polar, compounds > aromatic hydrocarbons > saturated: hydrocarbons): The midchain n-alkane (n-C-20-n-C-24) is the dominant fraction for coal (42.33% on average) and coaly mudstone; (44.91% on average). Compared to the continent coal-bearing basins, the Pr/Ph ratios (mostly <1.0) of both the coal and coaly mudstone in the Huaibei coalfield are lower. R-o (%), Ts/(Ts + Tm), 22S/(22S + 22R) C-31 hoinohopane, 20S/(20S + 20R) C-27 diasteranes, and the Rock-Eval pyrolysis results demonstrate the organic matter in coals and coaly mudstones is at the mature to postmature stage. The Coal-bearing strata were formed in a transitional zone of an open marine and estuarine environment: The, interactive deposition of marine, and terrestrial sediments in the weak oxidizing-reducing environment was favored for the accumulation of the organic matter and the appearance of multiple coal seams. The organic matter is primarily from terrestrial higher plants mixed with a certain amount of marine sources input for both coal and coaly mudstone. Biodegradation, water washing, and thermal maturation are all important factors which would change the distribution of saturated hydrocarbons significantly. As a result, some of the biomarker parameters may lose the meaning to differentiate sources input, depositional environment, and thermal maturity. Bence, the combination of the geological background and the strict screening of these biomarker parameters are very important and indispensable.