The spontaneous combustion of coal stockpiles is one of the major hazards during coal mining, storage, and transportation. To overcome the shortcomings of large-scale experiments and CFD modeling techniques, a mathematical model of rising temperature in a hemispherical coal stockpile with a constant heat source in the center was derived and simplified based on a previous study on the spatiotemporal temperature and heat transfer in simple bodies. From the rising temperature experiments in a coal stockpile, the actual temperature rise was greater than the predicted value from the theoretical mathematical model, and the difference in these values increased with an increase in test time. The distribution of the temperature field caused by the spontaneous combustion of coal was fit to revise the mathematical model for the temperature rise in a coal stockpile. In addition, a novel material, called paste foam, was prepared to prevent the spontaneous combustion of a coal stockpile, and the working principle of the device with a hollow spiral tube was studied. The prepared paste foam was uniform with an average pore size of 100 mu m. The TG and DSC curves showed that the critical weight loss temperature was 250 degrees C, with a mass of 82.23%, while, at 400 degrees C, there was still a mass of approximately 54.67%. The fire extinguishing and cooling experiments indicated that the paste foam accumulated upward to block the fracture network along the radial direction. The temperature at different radial distances showed that the same law of variation can be divided into three stages, including an initial slowdown, followed by a rapid decrease, and a final slow and gentle reduction of the temperature. It maintained a better bubble shape with the temperature of the coal particles at approximately 670 K, and the paste foam had a favorable effect on the surface cooling of the coal stockpile because of oxygen isolation based on the infrared thermal imager analysis.