Direct decomposition of H2S into H-2 and S has attracted increasing attention because it can simultaneously recover H-2 and S from a hazardous waste gas. However, direct decomposition of H2S with high H2S conversion is still a great challenge. Herein, we report highly effective direct decomposition of H2S into H-2 and S by microwave catalysis over CoS-MoS2/gamma-Al2O3 microwave catalysts. The CoS-MoS2/gamma-Al2O3 exhibits outstanding catalytic activity under microwave irradiation. The best H2S conversion is respectively up to 66.9% for CoS-MoS2/gamma-Al2O3 and 36.2% for the MoS2/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst at 750 degrees C under microwave irradiation, which greatly exceeds the corresponding H2S equilibrium conversion under the conventional thermal conditions. Importantly, the apparent activation energy for MoS2/gamma-Al2O3 and CoS-MoS2/gamma-Al2O3 microwave catalysts under microwave irradiation respectively decrease to as low as 20.74 and 17.46 kJ/mol, which displays an outstanding microwave direct catalytic effect. Our findings open a novel approach for the direct H2S decomposition reaction. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.