The properties and failure mechanisms of anisotropic polymer composite materials in configuration of a single bundle of filaments microcomposite reinforced with carbon and aramid fibers under impact and static loading conditions are investigated by impact break method. Various failure mechanisms of the CM affected on their properties under static and impact loading conditions. The destruction processes in dynamically loaded CM are multistage. Failure mechanism is based on the multifilament fiber stretching and stress-wave propagation through the CM. The processes of multibreaking and crushing of the filaments are imposed on the process of multistage stretching deformation. It led to a sharp decrease of the CM properties on impact as compared with that CM tested under static loading conditions. It has been found out that specific absorbed-in-break energy of CFRP and OFRP under impact loading conditions is significantly reduced by a factor of 3.1 and 4.1, respectively, as compared with that under static ones. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:693-696, 2017. (c) 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers