In this study, the extraction of macauba pulp oil (MPO) using compressed propane as a solvent was investigated, and compared with conventional (Soxhlet) extraction. Extractions with propane were carried out in order to investigate the effects of temperature (333-373 K) and pressure (4-12 MPa) on the oil yield and the chemical composition of the products. The effects of temperature and pressure on the yield were negative and positive, respectively, with a maximum yield of 23.08 wt% being obtained at 333 K and 12 MPa. The use of propane allowed a fast extraction with a yield of similar to 86% in the conventional extraction. The fatty acids composition showed a predominance (similar to 85%) of oleic and palmitic acids. The beta-carotene and flavonoid contents were affected by the compressed-solvent extraction conditions and extraction method. Oil obtained using compressed-solvent extraction showed higher levels of phytosteroids and tocopherols and, consequently, a longer oxidation induction time. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.