We report the results of microscope measurements examining the phase transition process of a cationic lipid, Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) supported lipid bilayer (SLB). Due to lateral fluidity and strong electrostatic interaction with DNA, SLB serves as a fluid substrate for assembling 2D lattices of DNA functionalized nanoparticles (DNA-NPs): lipid molecules work as carriers for transporting DNA-NPs. By fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), two types of phase transitions, which correspond to liquid crystalline-gel and liquid crystalline-interdigitated gel (L beta I) ones, were observed in DDAB SLB during cooling. In thermal equilibrium at room temperature both gel and L beta I phases have enough adsorbed amounts of DNA-NPs which indicate that both domains have enough surface charge densities for adsorbing DNA-NPs, however, during phase transition DNA-NPs preferably distributed into L beta I phase.