Ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production is an emerging technology that features high energy density, high conversion efficiency, and environment friendliness. This review evaluates the influence of process parameters, including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, catalyst dosage, alcohol/oil ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and alcohol type, on the yield of ultrasonic-assisted production of biodiesel. Limitations associated with ultrasonic-assisted production of biodiesel are also analyzed. Further development of this technology is explored. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.