The knowledge of tissues' properties and the noninvase monitoring of internal temperature are required in novel medical diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. For example, in the hyperthermia therapy of cancer, local heating must be accurately controlled in order to promote necrosis of the cancerous cells in thermoablation, or to induce apoptosis as an adjuvant treatment to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, without thermally affecting healthy cells. Photoacoustic imaging, also called optoacoustic imaging, is a new biomedical technique based on laser-generated ultrasound, which combines the high contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound. Since parameters appearing in the mathematical formulation of the photoacoustic problem are temperature dependent, their estimation can be used as indirect temperature measurement. In the present work, sound speed, absorption coefficient, and a parameter that includes thermal expansion coefficient, laser energy density, and specific heat, are estimated through inverse analysis aiming at the identification of the tissue temperature. The forward problem is solved analytically using Laplace's transform, while the inverse problem is solved with a Markov chain Monte Carlo method within the Bayesian framework. Results obtained with simulated measurements reveal the capabilities of the proposed technique of parameter and temperature estimation.