화학공학소재연구정보센터
Computers & Chemical Engineering, Vol.103, 144-150, 2017
Estimating refrigeration costs at cryogenic temperatures
Conceptual process design makes extensive use of typical costs for energy sources that supply heat at various high temperatures and for energy sinks that remove heat at various low temperatures. Many books provide extensive data for energy sources such as steam, dowtherm, natural gas, coal, Bunker C and electricity over a broad range of temperatures, with energy cost naturally increasing with increasing temperature. Much less information is available about the cost of refrigeration at various temperature levels. The purpose of this paper is to greatly expand and update the information for estimating cryogenic refrigeration costs. Process source temperatures from -25 degrees C to -190 degrees C are considered using single-stage and up to four-stage compression refrigeration systems with different refrigerants used at each stage. Refrigeration costs vary from $18 per GJ at -25 degrees C to $360 per GJ at -190 degrees C. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.