Fogging, reflection, and dust-free transparent conducting glasses based on superhydrophilic nanotextures for organic photovoltaics

Eun Chong Kim; Seok-In Na; Jung Tae Park

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.52, 243-250, August, 2017

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2017.03.053 Export Citation

Fogging, reflection, and dust-free transparent conducting glasses based on superhydrophilic nanotextures for organic photovoltaics

Eun Chong Kim, Seok-In Na^†, and Jung Tae Park^{1, †}

Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Polymer Materials Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, South Korea
¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea

E-mail:,

We present the preparation of high-efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs) using functional transparent conducting oxide glasses (functional TCOs) based on superhydrophilic nanotextures under fogging conditions. The superhydrophilic nanotextures are easily prepared with spin-coating of aged colloidal silica suspensions on the non-conducting side of indium tin oxide glasses (ITOs). PEDOT:PSS is used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in OPVs with PTB7/PC71BM as a bulk hetero-junction layer (BHJ layer). The OPVs based on functional TCOs were confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, UV.vis spectroscopy, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements. Compared with the conventional TCOs, the functional TCOs, which have super- hydrophilicity, axial gradient in refractive index, substantially suppress fogging and reduce reflection, leading to significantly improved light harvesting. The efficiency of OPVs based on functional TCOs (4.4%) were higher than those of OPVs with conventional TCOs (2.9%) under fogging conditions. This work has also demonstrated on superhydrophilic nanotextures based functional TCOs with excellent dust free and self-cleaning performance.

Keywords:Organic photovoltaic (OPV);Superhydrophilic;Silica;Fogging-free;Self-cleaning

[References]

Li G, Zhu R, Yang Y, Nat. Photonics, 6, 153 (2012)
Poelking C, Tietze M, Elschner C, Olthof S, Hertel D, Baumeier B, Wurthner F, Meerholz K, Leo K, Andrienko D, Nat. Mater., 14(4), 434 (2015)
(a) Na SI, Kim SS, Jo J, Kim DY, Adv. Mater. 20 (2008) 4061; (b) Cho YJ, Lee JY, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 33 (2016) 366; (c) Eom Y, Song CE, Shin WS, Lee SK, Lim E, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 45 (2017) 338; (d) Choi MH, Song KW, Heo SW, Han YW, Moon DK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 26 (2015) 173.
Zhang S, Ye L, Hou J, Adv. Energy Mater., 6, 150252 (2016)
dos Reis Benatto GA, Roth B, Corazza M, Sondergaard RR, Gevorgyan SA, Jorgensen M, Krebs FC, Nanoscale, 8, 318 (2016)
Choi H, Kim HB, Ko SJ, Kim JY, Heeger AJ, Adv. Mater., 27, 892 (2015)
Choi S, Zhou Y, Haske W, Shim JW, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Kippelen B, Org. Electron., 17, 349 (2015)
Peng Y, Yaacobi-Gross N, Perumal AK, Faber HA, Vourlias G, Patsalas PA, Bradley DDC, He Z, Anthopoulos TD, Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, 243302 (2015)
Wang J, Lee YJ, Hsu JWP, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 3607 (2016)
Konios D, Kakavelakis G, Petridis C, Savva K, Stratakis E, Kymakis E, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 1612 (2016)
Fernandez-Lazaro F, Zink-Lorre N, Sastre-Santos A, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 9336 (2016)
Zhu Y, Yang L, Zhao S, Huang Y, Xu Z, Yang Q, Wang P, Li Y, Xu X, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 26777 (2015)
Lilliu S, Alsari M, Bikondoa O, Macdonald JE, Dahlem MS, Sci. Rep., 5, 10633 (2015)
Casey A, Dimitrov SD, Shakya-Tuladhar P, Fei Z, Nguyen M, Han Y, Anthopoulos TD, Durrant JR, Heeney M, Chem. Mater., 28, 5110 (2016)
Zhang W, Zhong S, Nian L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Liu L, Hanif M, Chen W, Ma Y, RSC Adv., 5, 39973 (2015)
Luck KA, Shastry TA, Loser S, Ogien G, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 20966 (2013)
Khan TM, Zhou Y, Dindar A, Shim JW, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Kippelen B, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 6202 (2014)
Sun Z, Liao T, Liu K, Jiang L, Kim JH, Dou SX, Small, 10, 3001 (2014)
Sun Z, Liao T, Li W, Dou Y, Liu K, Jiang L, Kim SW, Kim JL, Dou SX, NPG Asia Mater., 7, e232 (2015)
Chae SS, Kim KH, Park JH, Lee KH, Han SW, Oh JY, Baik HK, Kim YS, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 150072 (2016)
Tsui KH, Lin QF, Chou HT, Zhang QP, Fu HY, Qi PF, Fan ZY, Adv. Mater., 26(18), 2805 (2014)
Heo SY, Koh JK, Kang G, Ahn SH, Chi WS, Kim K, Kim JH, Adv. Eng. Mater., 4, 130063 (2014)
Dudem B, Heo JH, Leem JW, Yu JS, Im SH, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 7573 (2016)
Cook KT, Tettey KE, Bunch RM, Lee D, Nolte AJ, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 6426 (2012)
Heavens OS, Courier Corporation, (1991) .
Lee D, Rubner MF, Cohen RE, Nano Lett., 6, 2305 (2006)
England MW, Urata C, Dunderdale GJ, Hozumi A, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 4318 (2016)
Park JT, Kim JH, Lee D, Nanoscale, 6, 7362 (2014)
Noh YJ, Park SM, Yeo JS, Kim DY, Kim SS, Na SI, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 25032 (2015)
Choi ES, Jeon YJ, Kim SS, Kim TW, Noh YJ, Kwon SN, Na SI, Appl. Phys. Lett., 107, 023301 (2015)
Tettey KE, Dafinone MI, Lee D, Mater. Express, 1, 89 (2011)
Lee YS, Lee JY, Bang SM, Lim B, Lee J, Na SI, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 11439 (2016)
Yao L, He J, Geng Z, Ren T, Nanoscale, 7, 13125 (2015)
Nguyen TL, Choi H, Ko SJ, Uddin MA, Walker B, Yum S, Jeong JE, Yun MH, Shin TJ, Hwang S, Kim JY, Woo HY, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 3040 (2014)
Zhang C, Li H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Huang D, Di DA, Zhan X, Zhu X, Zhu D, J. Mater. Chem., 3, 11194 (2015)

[1] Li G, Zhu R, Yang Y, Nat. Photonics, 6, 153 (2012)

[2] Poelking C, Tietze M, Elschner C, Olthof S, Hertel D, Baumeier B, Wurthner F, Meerholz K, Leo K, Andrienko D, Nat. Mater., 14(4), 434 (2015)

[3] (a) Na SI, Kim SS, Jo J, Kim DY, Adv. Mater. 20 (2008) 4061; (b) Cho YJ, Lee JY, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 33 (2016) 366; (c) Eom Y, Song CE, Shin WS, Lee SK, Lim E, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 45 (2017) 338; (d) Choi MH, Song KW, Heo SW, Han YW, Moon DK, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 26 (2015) 173.

[4] Zhang S, Ye L, Hou J, Adv. Energy Mater., 6, 150252 (2016)

[5] dos Reis Benatto GA, Roth B, Corazza M, Sondergaard RR, Gevorgyan SA, Jorgensen M, Krebs FC, Nanoscale, 8, 318 (2016)

[6] Choi H, Kim HB, Ko SJ, Kim JY, Heeger AJ, Adv. Mater., 27, 892 (2015)

[7] Choi S, Zhou Y, Haske W, Shim JW, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Kippelen B, Org. Electron., 17, 349 (2015)

[8] Peng Y, Yaacobi-Gross N, Perumal AK, Faber HA, Vourlias G, Patsalas PA, Bradley DDC, He Z, Anthopoulos TD, Appl. Phys. Lett., 106, 243302 (2015)

[9] Wang J, Lee YJ, Hsu JWP, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 3607 (2016)

[10] Konios D, Kakavelakis G, Petridis C, Savva K, Stratakis E, Kymakis E, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 1612 (2016)

[11] Fernandez-Lazaro F, Zink-Lorre N, Sastre-Santos A, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 9336 (2016)

[12] Zhu Y, Yang L, Zhao S, Huang Y, Xu Z, Yang Q, Wang P, Li Y, Xu X, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 26777 (2015)

[13] Lilliu S, Alsari M, Bikondoa O, Macdonald JE, Dahlem MS, Sci. Rep., 5, 10633 (2015)

[14] Casey A, Dimitrov SD, Shakya-Tuladhar P, Fei Z, Nguyen M, Han Y, Anthopoulos TD, Durrant JR, Heeney M, Chem. Mater., 28, 5110 (2016)

[15] Zhang W, Zhong S, Nian L, Chen Y, Xie Z, Liu L, Hanif M, Chen W, Ma Y, RSC Adv., 5, 39973 (2015)

[16] Luck KA, Shastry TA, Loser S, Ogien G, Marks TJ, Hersam MC, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15, 20966 (2013)

[17] Khan TM, Zhou Y, Dindar A, Shim JW, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Kippelen B, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 6, 6202 (2014)

[18] Sun Z, Liao T, Liu K, Jiang L, Kim JH, Dou SX, Small, 10, 3001 (2014)

[19] Sun Z, Liao T, Li W, Dou Y, Liu K, Jiang L, Kim SW, Kim JL, Dou SX, NPG Asia Mater., 7, e232 (2015)

[20] Chae SS, Kim KH, Park JH, Lee KH, Han SW, Oh JY, Baik HK, Kim YS, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 150072 (2016)

[21] Tsui KH, Lin QF, Chou HT, Zhang QP, Fu HY, Qi PF, Fan ZY, Adv. Mater., 26(18), 2805 (2014)

[22] Heo SY, Koh JK, Kang G, Ahn SH, Chi WS, Kim K, Kim JH, Adv. Eng. Mater., 4, 130063 (2014)

[23] Dudem B, Heo JH, Leem JW, Yu JS, Im SH, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 7573 (2016)

[24] Cook KT, Tettey KE, Bunch RM, Lee D, Nolte AJ, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 6426 (2012)

[25] Heavens OS, Courier Corporation, (1991) .

[26] Lee D, Rubner MF, Cohen RE, Nano Lett., 6, 2305 (2006)

[27] England MW, Urata C, Dunderdale GJ, Hozumi A, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8, 4318 (2016)

[28] Park JT, Kim JH, Lee D, Nanoscale, 6, 7362 (2014)

[29] Noh YJ, Park SM, Yeo JS, Kim DY, Kim SS, Na SI, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 25032 (2015)

[30] Choi ES, Jeon YJ, Kim SS, Kim TW, Noh YJ, Kwon SN, Na SI, Appl. Phys. Lett., 107, 023301 (2015)

[31] Tettey KE, Dafinone MI, Lee D, Mater. Express, 1, 89 (2011)

[32] Lee YS, Lee JY, Bang SM, Lim B, Lee J, Na SI, J. Mater. Chem., 4, 11439 (2016)

[33] Yao L, He J, Geng Z, Ren T, Nanoscale, 7, 13125 (2015)

[34] Nguyen TL, Choi H, Ko SJ, Uddin MA, Walker B, Yum S, Jeong JE, Yun MH, Shin TJ, Hwang S, Kim JY, Woo HY, Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 3040 (2014)

[35] Zhang C, Li H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Huang D, Di DA, Zhan X, Zhu X, Zhu D, J. Mater. Chem., 3, 11194 (2015)