The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere is considered the main cause of global warming. CO2 is mostly viewed as the principal product associated with the combustion of fossil fuels. One of the emerging studies at the moment is the use polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) for capturing CO2 from flue gas streams. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the various PILs for CO2 capture. PILs can be used in different processes, including absorption, membrane, and adsorption. In this paper, preparation and synthesis of PILs for various processes are discussed. The paper includes elaboration on using composite, grafted, and blended PILs to achieve a powerful and effective capture mode. The effects of different parameters such as temperature and pressure on CO2 sorption are also discussed.