Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.139, No.10, 3889-3895, 2017
High and Temperature-Insensitive Piezoelectric Strain in Alkali Niobate Lead-free Perovskite
With growing concern over world environmental problems and increasing legislative restriction on using lead and lead containing materials, a feasible replacement for lead-based piezoceramics is desperately needed. Herein, we report a large piezoelectric strain (d(33)(*)) of 470 pm/V and a high Curie temperature (T-c) of 243 degrees C in (Na0.5K0.3)NbO3-(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3-BaZrO3 lead-free ceramics by doping MnO2. Moreover, excellent temperature stability is also observed from room temperature to 170 degrees C (430 pm/V at 100 degrees C and 370 pm/V at 170 degrees C). Thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) analysis reveals the reduced defects and improved ferroelectricity in MnO2-doped piezoceramics from a macroscopic view. Local poling experiments and local switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy (SS-PFM) demonstrates the enhanced ferroelectricity and domain mobility from a microscopic view. Distinct grain growth and improvement in phase angle may also account for the enhancement of piezoelectric properties.