Accurate prediction of battery's remaining useful life (RUL) is significant for the reliability and the cost of systems. This paper presents a new Particle Filter (PF) framework for lead-acid battery's RUL prediction by incorporating the battery's electrochemical model. An electrochemical model that simulates the charging and discharging of lead-acid battery is introduced. The effectiveness of both the model and parameter identification is validated through both synthetic and experimental data. In the new PF framework, model parameters that reflect the degradation of battery are seen as state variables, the procedure of capacity simulation and the fitting equations of known state variables are measurement model and process model respectively. Aging experiment is depicted and applied to validate the effectiveness of the method. RUL predictions are made with two different beginning points, the results of which show that the new electrochemical-model-based PF has better state variable stability and prediction accuracy than the traditional data-driven PF. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.