Here we demonstrate a new hyphenated X ray method, qDXA-XRF, fot the simultaneous determination of moisture, ash content and heating value (as received) of biofuels. The method is based on the combination of X-ray transmission imaging and X ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The method performance is demonstrated using three biofuel assortments; logging residues, round wood chips and sawdust, on approximately 3 L samples (similar to 500-1500 g) with a total analysis time of one minute per sample. Mean absolute errors for the logging residues, roundwood chips and sawdust determinations respectively were; for moisture content MAE = 0.034, 0.026, 0.011 (wet basis mass fraction), for ash content MAE = 0.0015, 0.0015, 0.0049 (dry basis mass fraction), and for heating value (as received) MAE = 0.55, 0.44, 0.17 MJ kg(-1). Furthermore, for the assortment logging residues, the qDXA XRF determination of heating value decreases the measurement uncertainty from MAE = 1.53 to 0.55 MJ kg(-1) (similar to 60% decrease) compared with traditional oven moisture/equation method. (C)2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.